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返回课程 ASD-STE100（简化技术英语）规则部分Rule 6.2 Use key words and phrases to organize your text logically.规则6.2 使用关键词和短语有逻辑地组织你的文章。
Key words and phrases give structure to a text. Key words are words that often occur in a text to connect different ideas. Key phrases have the same function. Such words and phrases show how information in a text is related and give the text a logical structure.



You can also use connecting words and phrases to help the reader understand the progression of ideas in the text. They function as traffic signs and tell the reader if the information is new, or different, or a conclusion based on preceding facts. Examples of such connecting words and phrases are: “and”, “but”, “thus”, “at the same time”, “as a result”, and many others.


The example that follows is the improved version of the example for rule 6.1. In the text, the key words and key phrases are underlined. You can see how they help to connect sentences and the ideas in them. This makes the text much easier to read.


Sentence 1

Sentence 2

The Instrument Landing System on the aircraft shows data that helps the pilot during the approach to the runway.

This system shows the pilot the deviations from the localizer course and the glideslope path.

Sentence 2 repeats the key words “system”, “show” and “pilot” to add and expand on the information in sentence 1.


Sentence 2

Sentences 3 and 4

This system shows the pilot the deviations from the localizer course and the glideslope path.

The localizer course is aligned with the centerline of the runway. And the glideslope path is at a constant angle to the threshold of the runway.

Sentences 3 and 4 repeat “localizer course” and “glideslope path” and add new information.


Sentence 3

Sentences 4

The localizer course is aligned with the centerline of the runway.

And the glideslope path is at a constant angle to the threshold of the runway.

Sentences 3 and 4 also include the word “runway”, which refers to sentence 1.


Sentences 3 and 4

Sentence 5

The localizer course is aligned with the centerline of the runway. And the glideslope path is at a constant angle to the threshold of the runway.

During the approach to the runway, deviation pointers in the course indicators show the pilot in which direction the aircraft must go:
- Left or right (for the localizer)

- Up or down (for the glideslope).

Sentence 5 also reconnects to the previous sentences 3 and 4 with the word “runway” and gives more information about the function of indicators for the localizer and the glideslope.



Sentence 2

Sentence 5

This system shows the pilot the deviations from the localizer course and the glideslope path.
 During the approach to the runway, deviation pointers in the course indicators show the pilot in which direction the aircraft must go:
- Left or right (for the localizer)

- Up or down (for the glideslope).

Sentences 2 and 5 are logically connected by key words and phrases.


Sentence 1

Sentences 5

The Instrument Landing System in the aircraft shows data that helps the pilot during the approach to the runway.

During the approach to the runway, deviation pointers in the course indicators show the pilot in which direction the aircraft must go:
- Left or right (for the localizer)

- Up or down (for the glideslope).

Sentences 1 and 5 are also connected to make a logical paragraph.


Sentence 5 also repeats the phrase “during the approach to the runway” from sentence 1 to refer to the original situation and expand on it. When you repeat the same key words and phrases, the sentences become logically connected. If you use many different words, your text will be more difficult to follow.


At the same time, also the two paragraphs are logically connected.
Paragraph 1 (Sentences 1 thru 5): deviation, data, localizer, glideslope
Paragraph 2 (Sentences 6 and 7): This data about deviations from the localizer course and glideslope path comes from two VHF transceivers. These transceivers transmit this data to Air Traffic Control.

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