|
|
FMC的软硬件介绍，全英文资料，内容还是比较全面的，慢慢看可以理解一些FMC内部运作。
Flight Management System
U5 to U10.5
Presentation
Aug 2004
The basic core concept of the Smiths FMS remains - Only the capabilities have improved.
This presentation will detail.
Hardware Changes.
Software Development
Dual FMC Components and Interaction
OFP Program Summary on both 8MCU & 4MCU
Software Features & Summary
FMC Navigation Changes
LNAV Changes
VNAV Changes
Navigation Data Base
ACARS
Hardware Components
Inside the SI 4-MCU FMC
737 New Generation hardware featuring:
32-bit architecture
68040 Processor - 20+ MHZ
Spare capacity in speed, memory and interfaces.
Conductive cooling - sealed box
Same BIT interfaces
Same simulator interfaces
Pilot will notice greatly improved speed of operation
Inputs
Outputs
Dual Operation
Each FMC develops independent Position from independent sources of data
Position is compared and a blended position is generated…a best position…and returned to each FMC
Each FMC supplies it’s onside users with data based on the best position…guidance, display, etc.
Flight plans and predictions are constantly compared between the FMCs.
If one side fails, the other can perform full functionality.
Dual FMC Operations
Dual FMC Operations
Dual FMC Operations
Drops to Single FMC Operation
The primary purpose of having two FMCs is to provide integrity of operation…if one fails the other one can carry on and do all the functions.
Dropping to single FMC operations just indicates a disagreement between the FMCs and does not constitute a failure
Dual operation can be regained by selecting the Both on 1 position on the SSW and then going back to Normal when time is available to do so
The output of the #2 FMC is lost when the drop to single occurs and this will effect the #2 ND display which will be regained when in the Both on 1 position
Current DUAL FMS Capability
Current FMS design meets the CNS/ATM navigation requirements for:
RNP 10
North and Central Pacific - Apr 98
Pacific Oceanic Routes - Oct 98
All Pacific - 2000
BRNAV (RNP 5): Europe - Jan 98
RNP 4: National Airspace >2000, Dense oceanic 2003
PRNAV (RNP 1): Europe 2005
Non-precision approach (RNP 0.3): 1997
Non-precision approach (RNP 0.15): 1998
Software Development
The Operational Flight Program (OFP) has been driven by the need to include changes in user requirements, aircraft aerodynamics and actual FMC hardware.
As the core concept of the FMCS has remained the majority of OFP development has been transparent to the user
Inside the SI FMC
U10.3 software in Ada
Common code with several FMC types enables easy updates from system to system
Compiles to new processors easier
U5 code was in Fortran
OFP Program Summary (8MCU)
U1 - U1.6
Runs in parallel to all other programs (Non EFIS -300)
U3 - U5
All updated to U5 - Incorporates all classics
U6
Optional upgrade (2904F only)
OFP Program Summary (4MCU)
Aircraft / FMC /OFP summary
U6 Features
The optional U6 OFP contained the following features which have been adopted in later versions of software
ACARS interface
POS SHIFT data on EFIS
QRH speeds
Speed and altitude intervention
Missed Approaches
Disk loadable features
U6 Features
U7 / U8 Features
U7 / U8 Features
U10.1 Program Overview
Primary change is for takeoff thrust rating change for -800 airplane.
In addition, the update provides increased compatibility between 737-3/4/5/7/800 aircraft with the 2907A4 (4MCU) FMC
Update 10.1 Features
Default NDB is now 1Mb from 256Kb
Note NDB size is Software option controlled
Eliminate over-fly of runway unless in data base
If OVERFLY indicator is set, then runway must be over-flown prior to sequencing the missed approach. If the indicator is not set, lateral guidance will be provided direct to the missed approach once active.
Update 10.1 Features
N1 limits/ TAKEOFF REF (on ground) pages have been redesigned to accommodate the following features.
Thrust Bump
Allows for the selection of one engine rating higher than the FULL rating (i.e, for 22k, the Thrust Bump will be 24k N1).
All Takeoff Ratings (FULL, TO-1, TO-2, and Thrust Bump) and all climb ratings (Clb, Clb-1, Clb-2) are now selectable from the N1 Limits on ground page.
Thrust reduction altitude has been moved from N1 Limits page to the Takeoff Ref page.
Update 10.1 Features
N1 Limits / Takeoff Ref. page changes (cont.)
Takeoff Flaps Box Prompts
If there is no valid takeoff flaps default, then box prompts will be displayed
Wet Grooved Runway
This new variation has been added to runway condition. Runway condition now has three different selections: WET/DRY and WET GRV
U10.2 Program Overview
Primary change is for the operational capabilities for the B737-600.
Compatibility with the colour LCD MCDU.
Update 10.2 Features
Colour display processing for LCD MCDU (2584A).
2.5M-word navigation data base size option (from current 1M-word).
Add two more program pins for model/engine selection.
Reduced bank angle for high altitude manoeuvring.
Gradient descent profile between altitude constraints.
Update 10.2 Features
Add MCDU display of approach subtype for identification of multiple NDB approaches.
Add Quadrant/ Radial and minimum altitude for hold patterns.
Inhibit runway position update when valid GPS data is being received. RTE Page - The following changes have been made
RTE Page 1 now contains airport data only procedure and RTE entries start on page 2
Waypoints increased from 100 to 150
Supplementary Waypoint database increased to 40
ENG OUT advisory is now reference oriented - selection will not alter V-Path construction
Update 10.3 Features
Polar Navigation - added to allow flights over the poles
GPS track data to PROGRESS page provides aircraft heading if both IRU’s fail
GPS position used as center point on EFIS POS SHIFT page if both IRU’s fail
Multiple Localizer approaches (crew selectable)
Increased resolution of various values to the 0.01
PROGRESS page - lateral steering cross track
LEGS page - Vertical angle
Block operating speeds for -3/4/500 have been increased
FLAPS <117Klbs 117-138.5Klbs > 138.5Klbs
5 180Kts 190Kts 200Kts
10 170Kts 180Kts 190Kts
Update 10.3 Features
VNAV may now remain engaged within the 2 x RNP Crosstrack Deviation window.
Automatic transition to the CLB page when TAKEOFF page is displayed at Weight Off Wheels
Alternate Navigation
GPS Alternate navigation capability allows FMC to transmit up to 60 Waypoints (BBJ only)
Message Change
IRS NAV ONLY is changed to UNABLE REQD NAV PERF - RNP when ANP exceeds RNP
Update 10.3 Features
Update 10.3 Features
Pilot Defined Company Route Option enables user to -
Load Flight Plan Nav Data (FPND) from disk on aircraft using “FLIGHTSTAR” software
Save up to 10 routes in SUPP database - Retained until manually deleted
Allows enroute portion of flight plan displayed on CDU to be reversed (creates a MOD flight plan with ORIGIN and DEST points reversed)
Quiet CLB Option -
Supports noise abatement procedures during climb phase
Eng. Out SID Option -
Provides display of SIDS tailored for Eng. Out operations
Geometric Path Descent option
Allows flying along computed gradient path from one altitude restriction to the next
Update 10.3 Features
Update 2 LCD MCDU (ALT NAV MCDU) adds two functional capabilities beyond normal MCDU operations
Provides ANCDU functions .(requires on side GPS and an ARINC 755 MMR to supply inputs)
Provides capability to up - load and display graphical weather maps via ACARS.
U2 LCD MCDU requires its own software options disk to enable these capabilities.
Update 10.4 Features
GLS, MLS, Integrated RNAV
Precision approach guidance for RNAV procedures
Interface for 3rd ADIRU
Supports Cat IIIB operations with new autopilot
Show Hold EXIT prompt before first pass
Allow modified flight plan to be executed with ALT Constraint on XXX message
Resize holding pattern during descent
Lat/Lon crossing points
Airway/airway intersections
Show missed approach predictions sooner
Engine out drift-down guidance
Vertical situation display
Update 10.5 Features
Route 2
FMC print capability
Multiple step climb planning
ATS data link
ADS reporting
VFR approaches
Circle to Land approaches
ILS approaches without a runway
Beyond 10.5 Feature
New HMI (cursor controlled - windows type MCDU)
Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI)
Conflict Detection and Resolution
Multiple RTA points
Taxiway display and guidance
U10 Summary
Summary of main operational impact changes incorporated into U10 program
Speed restriction below 210kts in climb.
RF (radius) and AF (DME arc) legs .
Options controlled through loadable software.
VNAV Descent below MCP altitude
VNAV operation with failed fuel summation unit
Expanded “Select desired waypoint” page
U10 Summary
Software Restarts
From time to time, the FMC software will find a situation or problem that it cannot solve…such as division by zero
When this happens, the problem is cleared by performing a quick resetting of the memory and processes…a software restart
This is noted by a FAIL light on the MCDU and the MENU page appearing with the TIMEOUT-RESELECT message in the scratchpad
Select the FMC prompt when it appears
MCDU Indication of Restart
Software Restarts
When the FMC is reselected, it should display the LEGS page with a box prompt in the active waypoint line
Enter the correct waypoint into the prompts and execute the modification
Flight should resume as before the restart
Note conditions at the time of the event…flight plan, actions that might have led to the restart, phase of flight, procedures being selected or flown. This information will help in finding the problem.
FMC Failure
If an FMC fails, it normally cannot be regained while flying.
Three software restarts in quick succession will result in a locked failure mode that can be reset in flight by cycling FMC circuit breaker with a 15 sec period of power off
Select the operating FMC on the SSW panel and all functions should be available as before due to automatic crossload during restart
If the #1 FMC fails, both MCDUs will return to the MENU page without an FMC prompt…switch to the #2 FMC and they will return to normal
Navigation Improvements
New capability to update from GPS inputs
Dual FMC navigation is more accurate
New DME RAIM function sorts out bad navaids
New POS SHIFT, NAV STATUS, NAV OPTIONS pages
RNP/ANP navigation
IRS NAV ONLY message eliminated
Multi Sensor Navigation
Multi Sensor Navigation
RNP Navigation (New)
RNP Navigation
Radio Updating
DME RAIM function
Sorts out bad navaids if 3 or more navaids are available
Places navaids that are in error on the bad navaid list
When radio updating is not available, ANP continues to grow. Does not limit size as in U5.
Multiple Identifier Problems
2 pages of SELECT DESIRED WPT
Listed in sequence of most probable usage
FMC will not tune multiple navaids with same freq in local database
Radio Updating is not as good as GPS updating
Monitoring Radio Updating
Pages to work with:
NAV STATUS
POS SHIFT
NAV OPTIONS
POS REF
Radio updating allows ATC operations when GPS is not working
GPS is used to update position all the time and the ANP will be smaller with GPS active
NAV STATUS page
POS SHIFT page
Controlling Sensors
GPS updating
VOR/DME Inhibit
DME updating
VOR updating
ILS updating
Making FMC Position Updates
NAV OPTIONS page
SUMMARY (SUPP & TEMP)
Flight Plan Save
Flight Plan Save
Flight Plan Save
Flight Plan Save
Lateral Navigation LNAV
In agreement with ARINC 424 leg types
Uses arc legs, heading legs, track legs, courses, and procedure holds & turns
Polar navigation capability
Lateral Offset path now available
Abeam Waypoints now available (option)
Improved Disco handling and VECTOR sequence
Holding page displays improved
RNP/ANP capability
Bank limiting in LNAV at high altitudes
RF and AF leg types
Arc Legs
Polar Navigation LNAV
Able to fly over the North/South poles
All functions work normally in polar areas, Direct To, Intercept Course To, Lateral Offsets, Holding
Display of GPS track has been added to the PROGRESS 3/3 display to provide reference in case of IRS failures
GPS position is navigation solution if IRS fails
Has been test flown around the North Pole
Lateral Offsets
Lateral Offsets
Lateral Offsets
Lateral Offsets
Abeam Waypoints Option
Abeam Waypoints
Abeam Waypoints
Abeam Waypoints
Abeam Waypoints
Discos and Bypasses
Discos and Bypasses
SINGLE BYPASS
Discos and Bypasses
Discos and Bypasses
Discos and Bypasses
New Sequence Logic for Disco
Holding Page -1
Holding Page -2
Bank Angle Limiting - LNAV
New Generation Airplanes only
Kicks in at higher altitudes at heavy gross weight
Keeps airplane out of the buffet speed range
Two new messages displayed when appropriate:
LNAV BANK ANGLE LIMITED
UNABLE HOLD AIRSPACE
Bank angle to be used is determined from Thrust, Gross weight, Temp, Target Airspeed, and Altitude
Vertical Navigation VNAV -1
Trajectory and display improvements
Allows VNAV approaches with landing flaps
Angle legs can be specified for Terminal procedures
Geometric Path descent mode (option)
APPROACH REF page changed
RNP/ANP logic changes to descent modes
Improved Block speeds for classic 737
Disconnect of VNAV at GS is eliminated
Vertical Navigation VNAV -2
Climb N1 is displayed at all times on CLB page
Automatic transition from the TAKEOFF page to the CLB page when weight is off wheels
Plan Fuel can be entered during refueling
VNAV disengagement only when more than 2 X RNP from path when LNAV is disengaged
Quiet Climb options for automatic thrust reduction during noise abatement takeoffs
Quick Predictions
First two legs of flight plan are quickly predicted to provide guidance to LNAV and VNAV after execution of a Modified flight plan
Full predictions will take a few seconds longer
Predictions are much faster in U10 than in the U5
Descent and Approach
Descent and Approach
Runway Stays after Missed App
Previous FMCs removed the airport runway symbol upon executing the Missed Approach
Pilot needed runway for reference
New FMC leaves the runway on the EFIS during the missed approach
Allows pilot to concentrate on getting back to final approach…enhances situational awareness
RNP / ANP
APPROACH REF
Required Time of Arrival
RTA
New Flap Speeds for 300/400/500
Speeds have been increased to provide better handling and more protection from buffet
TAKEOFF REF Page
Alternate Destinations
Select ALTERNATE DESTS page from RTE or INDEX pages.
Enter desired alternate airfield or select the nearest five airports in order of range.
Choose between divert from present position or go to destination and make a missed approach prior to divert.
Specific route distances may be entered if known.
Provides ETA and FUEL information for the selected alternate.
Alternate Destinations -2
Alternate Destinations -2
Alternate Destinations -2
Alternate Destinations -2
Message Recall Page
INDEX Page - INIT REF
Data Link (Option)
Navigation Data Base
FMC Nav Data Bases -1
Temporary
100 waypoints
40 navaids, 6 airports (Shared with Supplemental Nav Database
Supplemental (available only on ground)
40 waypoints + shared space with Temporary
Flight Plan Nav Database (option)
20 loadable flight plans (Jepp FliteStar)
10 saved flight plans stored in memory
Flight plan reversible
FMC Nav Data Bases -2
Multiple Localizer approaches to the same runway - selectable from the DEP/ARR pages
Engine Out SID may be stored in NDB for manual selection when needed
RNPs for legs can be stored in the NDB as well as required angles of descent
Flight Plan can contain up to 150 waypoints
Current FMS Capability
Current FMS design meets the CNS/ATM communication requirements for:
Flight plan autoload is already included with the adaptable data interface and the ATC communications capabilities.
Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) per ARINC 745-2.
ATC Data Link Communication (ATC DL) per RTCA DO-219.
Automatic Facility Notification (AFN) per ARINC 622-1.
FANS 1 Air Traffic Services (ATS) application software (ADS, ATC DL, AFN) allowing use of a standard ARINC Characteristic 758 Mark 2 CMU.
Hardware (memory, throughput and interfaces) required to be upgraded to meet CNS/ATM Package 1 requirements in ICAO ATN P/2 CNS/ATM-1 and /ATM-2 Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS).
Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN) and Open System Interconnect (OSI) can be implemented with the FMC as an end system.
FANS Data Link Provisions
FMC software developed and tested including:
Automatic dependent surveillance
ATC data link
Automatic facility notification
Output discrete provided for ATC message alert
MCDU has ATC key for FANS data link implementation
MCDU has user port for SATCOM
THE END |
-
-
FMC.rar
11 KB, 下载次数: 49, 下载积分: 机务米 -2 JM
|
A、B系统关泵释压过程中感觉压差灯点亮后熄
云翊航空|6月执照和机型培训计划
天津鸿图 | 6-12月培训计划※6.10开班~外地
空客液压硬管力矩查询指南
发表于 2011-1-20 16:33:22
[s:583] 嘿嘿 楼主辛苦了 顶顶