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A320轮胎检查工卡，中英文对照，实用哦，特别适合学习。
Inspection/Check of the Wheels and Tires
NOTE: The data given is for bias and radialtires and for all Airline Operators.本数据适用于使用斜交和子午线轮胎的航空运营人
Subtask 32-41-00-210-070-A
A. Visual Inspection of the Wheels 目视检查轮胎
(1) On each main gear wheel, examine the drive shroud of the tachometer.
检查每个主起落架的轮胎上转速表的驱动轴
(2) Make sure that there are no crackson the wheel rims.
确认轮缘没有裂纹存在
(3) Make sure that there are no leakson the valves.
确认充气活门没有出现渗漏
(4) Make sure that the valve threadis not damaged. Fully tighten the valve cap which sealsthe valve from dirt and leaks.
确认充气活门螺纹未损伤，然后拧上防尘盖。
Subtask 32-41-00-210-071-A
B. Visual Inspection of the Tires 目视检查轮胎
(1) Make sure that the aircraft tiresare in the correct condition to continue to operate on the aircraft.
确认飞机上的轮胎状态良好
Make sure that the tires:
· have no air leaks, 没有漏气
· have no friction damage, 没有摩擦性损伤
· are worn equally, 磨损均匀
· have no cuts and flat spots. 没有割伤和胎面磨平
Remove the wheel when the tire is worn to the base of any groove in one or more points, or if you can see any reinforcing material(metal or fabric). 当任何一处(多处)磨损到沟槽面或可见加强层时，更换轮胎。
(2) Make sure that the tire pressureis in the specified limits (Ref. AMM TASK 32-41-00-210-003) .
确认轮胎胎压在规定范围内
(3) Obey the tire mixability precautions (Ref. AMM TASK 32-41-00-910-001) .
遵循轮胎混装性须知
(4) Remove the wheel when the tire shows signs of a treadbulge (make a mark on the bulge before you deflatethe tire) (Ref. AMM TASK 32-41-11-000-006) (Ref. AMM TASK 32-41-11-400-006) or (Ref. AMM TASK 32-41-12-000-001) (Ref. AMM TASK 32-41-12-400-001) . 当出现轮胎胎面鼓包的迹象，更换轮胎
(5) If the tread is not worn equallyand if it is necessary, remove the wheel and put it on the opposite axle (Ref. AMM TASK 32-41-11-000-006) (Ref. AMM TASK 32-41-11-400-006) or (Ref. AMM TASK 32-41-12-000-001) (Ref.AMM TASK 32-41-12-400-001) ). 如果胎面没有均匀的磨损，在必要的话可以将该轮换到轮轴另一侧上
C. Description of Tire Wear Deterioration Characteristics
轮胎损伤特征描述
(1) Normal wear 正常磨损
An equal wear ofthe tread shows that the tire maintenance was correct duringthe tire life.均匀的磨损表明该轮处于正常状态
(2) Uneven wear 不均匀磨损
(a) Usually, under-inflation (inflation pressureless than 90% of the nominal pressure(Refer to table of pressure) (Ref. AMM TASK 32-41-00-210-003) can cause: 一般的，欠压(轮胎气压低于正常气压的90%)可引起：
· too much tread shoulder wear, 胎肩过度磨损
· high deflection of the tire, with subsequent heat build-up which can cause important internal tire damage.
轮胎严重偏斜，从而引起升温将导致轮胎内部损坏
(b) Over inflation (when the tire pressureis more than 105% of the nominal pressure(Refer to table of pressure) (Ref. AMM TASK 32-41-00-210-003) can: 过压(轮胎气压超过正常气压的105%)将导致：· cause too much wear on the centerof the tire tread,
胎面中间的过度磨损· increase the risk of Foreign Object Damage (FOD) to the tire.
增加外来物损伤(FOD)对轮胎的危害程度
(3) Maximum speed of utilization 最大的使用速度限制
On A318, A319, A320 and A321 aircraft, the maximum operationspeed is 225 MPH (195 KTS).A318,A319,A320和A321飞机上，轮胎的最大使用限制速度为195节。
(4) Tread damage 胎面损伤
(a) Flat spots 平面点磨损
Flat spot are causedby locking of the wheel duringbraking, hard touch down or sudden steering maneuvers(for the NLG tires). 平面点磨损是由刹车时轮胎抱死、硬着陆或突然机械转弯(针对于前轮)造成的。
(b) Peeled rib 肋棱剥落
A peeled rib usually starts with a cut in the tread and causes a circumferential delamination of the tread rib away from thetire carcass.肋棱剥落起始于胎面扎伤，继而导致肋棱与胎身分离。
(c) Tread rubber reversion 胎面橡胶变质Tread rubber reversion is usually caused by wheel locking on wet or icy runways.
It is an oval-shaped area in the tread (same as a flat spot) where rubber shows signs of burns (usually causedby hydroplaning on wet or icy runways). 胎面橡胶变质常由于轮胎在湿的或冰面跑道上紧锁造成的。 它在胎面上显示出一个椭圆形的(与平面点磨损一样)橡胶被灼烧的痕迹。
(d) Thrown tread 胎面剥落
Thrown tread isa total or partial loss oftread that lets you see the carcass plies.Early signs of tread separation can occur in the form of tread bulges, localuneven wear (depression) or local tread/sidewall rubber split. 胎面剥落时胎面整个或者部分丢失，让胎面层线可见。 胎面剥落的早期形式有：胎面鼓起、局部磨损不均匀(缺气压)或局部胎面/胎侧橡胶分 离。
(e) Tread cuts 胎面扎伤The definition of cutlimits is based on the service experience of each vendor.Because of the differenttechnologies and tire constructions, damage tolerance can be different for each manufacturer. 割伤的限制是基于各个厂商的经验总结。由于不同的技术工艺和轮胎的结构，损伤的容限随 厂家不同而不同。
Refer to the relevant vendor'smanual for details.详细内容参见相关厂家的手册。
Foreign objectsthat are on the runway,taxiway and parkingareas can causecuts to the tires. If the tire hasan unwanted objectin the tread or sidewall: 外来物是指在跑道、滑行道和停机区域可导致轮胎割伤的东西。如果轮胎上有异物：
1 Make a mark of the area whereyou can see theobject with a crayon.
在可见外来物的区域用记号笔标记出来
2 Remove the wheel and make sure that the object does not move.
拆下轮胎，确认该外来物没有移动
3 Move the wheel to a safe area.
将轮胎搬到安全区域
4 Deflate the tire before you removethe object.
在取下外来物前对轮胎放气
5 Do an inspection of the tire at the tire shop.
对轮胎进行检查
(f) Chevron cutting V型割伤
Chevron cuttingis a tread damage (largenumber of small Z-,S- or V-shaped cracks)usually in a tire-footprint area. Chevron cutting is usually causedby running and/or brakingon cross- grooved runways.V型割伤属于经常发生在胎足迹表面的损伤，经常是有大量的Z、S或V型的裂纹。V型割伤经常是
由于在十字槽的跑道上滑跑或刹车导致的。
(g) Groove cracking 沟槽开裂
Groove crackingcan occur afterenvironmental aggression of the rubber(ozone attack for example) or too much mechanical loading of the tire. These cracks occur at the bottom of the tread groove. 沟槽开裂出现在橡胶环境腐蚀(例如臭氧腐蚀)或机轮的过载的情况下。这些裂纹出现在胎面沟 槽的底部。
(h) Rib undercutting 肋条根切
Rib undercutting is an extension of groove cracking caused by mechanical loading that continues below a tread rib. It can caused tread chunking, peeledrib or thrown tread. 肋条根切是沟槽裂纹的延伸，由胎面肋条下持续的机械载荷引起。它可导致胎面大块、肋棱剥落 或胎面剥落。
(i) Open tread splice 跨肋开口
An open treadsplice is a crackin the rubber where there is separation of joint or splice.跨肋开口是指在有分开的连接或搭接的橡胶处的裂纹。
(j) Tread chipping and chunking胎面碎屑和大块This is a condition that youcan see at the edge of the treadrib where small quantities of rubber start to separate from the tread surface.Tread chunking can be caused by high lateralloading of the tire sometimescaused by tight turning. 这种情况下你可以在胎面肋棱的边缘观察到少量的橡胶从轮胎表面脱落。胎面大块是由急转弯时 横向载荷过大引起。
(5) Sidewalls damage 侧面损伤
(a) Cuts or cracks on the sidewall 侧面割伤或裂纹
Foreign objects on the operating surfacesfrequently cause sidewallcuts.在使用面上的外来物会导致侧面割伤
(b) Weathering and radial cracking 风化和径向裂纹Weathering and crackingoccur when tires are in aggressive environmental conditions.
轮胎在具有腐蚀性的环境中将会出现风化和裂纹的现象
(c) Blisters and bulges 气泡和鼓包
They usually are a sign of separation of components.这些情况表明有部件间分离的迹象
(6) Contamination damage 污染损伤This can be causedby brake oil, tar oil, solvent,chemicals and hydrocarbon based products. The tire must be cleanedwith Non AqueousCleaner-- Isopropyl Alcohol- (Material No. 08- BBD1) and Aqueous Cleaner-Aircraft Exterior Pressure Spraying- (Material No. 08-ABC1).
After cleaning, push the rubber in the contaminated area. If the rubberis tacky, the wheelmust be changed. 刹车油、焦油、溶剂和化学性的和烃基的产品可导致该损 伤。这时，轮胎必须用专门的清洁剂清洁干净。清洁干净 后，按压被污染的橡胶部分。如果橡胶发粘则更换机轮。
(7) Circular tire movement on the wheel: 检查轮胎在机轮上的周向运动
(a) Paint a continuous radialline on the tire and the wheel when thetire is installed.在轮胎和机轮上画一条相连的径向直线
(b) If, after the first flight cycle, the circular tire movementis less than 20 degrees:如果第一次飞行循环后，轮胎的周向运动小于20°
1 Keep the wheel on the aircraft.让轮胎装载飞机上
2 Monitor the circular tire movement duringthe subsequent five flight cycles.监控接下来的5次飞行循环中，轮胎的运动情况
(c) If, after five flight cycles,the circular tire movement is more than 20 degrees:如果，接下来的5次飞行循环中轮胎的移动超过了20°
1 Replace the wheel.更换机轮
2 Send the tire to the tire shop for inspection.将轮胎送到厂家检查
Subtask 32-41-00-210-052-AD. Tire Utilization Limits 轮胎使用限制
(1) Tread Surface 胎面表面
| CONDITION | OBSERVATION/DAMAGE | ACTION | Normal wear
正常磨损 | If:
- The tread wear is at the bottomof groove at one or more points, or
- You cansee the reinforced ply (biastire) or the protector ply (radial tire)at one or more points of the tread surface.
如果:
- 胎面磨损到沟槽下一处或者多处，或
- 可以在一处或者多处看到加强层(斜交线轮胎)或保护层(子午线轮胎)。 | Remove the tire immediately.
NOTE: If the aircraft is away from the main base(or maintenance base) one flightto the main base (or to a line station where a spare wheel is available) is permitted.
立即更换机轮。
注意：如果飞机不再主基地(或维修基地)可允许进行一次飞行回到基地。 |
Uneven wear
不均匀磨损 |
If the wear limitsare reached.
如果达到磨损极限 |
Remove the tire immediately.
NOTE: If the aircraft is away from
the main base(or maintenance
base) one flightto the main base
(or to a line station where a spare
wheel is available) is permitted
立即更换机轮。
注意：如果飞机不再主基地(或维
修基地)可允许进行一次飞行回到
基地。 |
Overspeed超速 |
If a tire overspeed (tire speed morethan the limit
specifiedby the manufacturer) occursduring
take-off or landing.
如果在起飞或着陆时出现轮胎超速(轮胎厂家规定
的速度极限) |
Remove all the wheels
immediately.
Send the tires back to the tire
manufacturer(with the reasonof
removal) to make sure that they
are serviceable.
NOTE: Thereis no tolerance. 立
即更换机轮
将机轮送回厂家(附带拆换的原因)
以确认该轮可用性
注意：这种情况下没有容限 |
(2) Tread damage 胎面损伤
Flat spots
平面点磨损 |
- If theflat spot goesto the reinforcing ply (bias
tire) or the protector ply (radial tire).
- If the flat spot does not go to the above limit
and if thereis sufficient groovedepth in the flat
spot area.
- 如果平面磨损达到了加强层(斜交轮胎)或保护层
(子午线轮胎)
- 如果平面点磨损没有到上述极限，同时平面点
磨损区域的沟槽有足够的深度 |
Remove the tireimmediately.
Keep the tireon the aircraft.
立即更换该机轮
让该轮继续装在飞机上 |
Peeled rib
肋棱剥落 |
Remove the tireimmediately.
立即更换该机轮 |
|
Tread rubber
reversion
胎面橡胶变质 |
During the check:
- If the tread rubberreversion goes to the
reinforcingply (bias tire) or the protector ply
(radial tire) or,
- If thereis shimmy or unbalance.
在检查时:
-如果胎面橡胶变质到达加强层(斜交轮胎)或保护
层(子午线轮胎)
- |
Remove the tireimmediately.
立即更换该机轮 | Thrown tread 胎面剥落 |
Remove the tireimmediately.
NOTE: It is necessary to get pieces of tread from the airport authorities and send themback to home base so that the vendorcan make an analysis, if necessary.
NOTE: If the tireis still inflated after the aircraft |
|
|
is parked, it is necessary to wait three hours(for
tire cooling) beforeyou record thepressure.
Then, deflate the tire beforeremoval of the
wheel assembly.
立即更换该机轮
注意：若有必要，把胎面碎片送回基地用于厂商
分析是很重要的。
注意：在飞机停场时该轮胎依旧充着气，就有必
要在记录胎压之前等待3小时用以轮胎冷却，然后
在拆下机轮之前将轮胎放气。 |
|
Tread cuts
胎面扎伤 |
If there areno cut limits specified in the
documentation and if:
(1) the cutor embedded objectlets you see or
goes into thereinforcing ply (bias tire)or the
protector ply (radial tire):
- the cut goes into the outer casing ply (biastire)
or the outerlayer (radial tire).
- the cut length is more than 50.8 mm (2 in.) or,
- the cutwidth is more than3.175 mm (0.125in.)
or,
- the cut is not in the limits of one rib.
- the cut is in the limitsof one rib and the
distance between its two endsis more than 12.7
mm (0.5 in.) whenmeasured in the axial
direction.
(2) The cut or embedded objectdoes not go into
the reinforcing ply (bias tire)or the protector ply
(radial tire) :
- The cut lengthis more than 304.8mm (12 in.)
or,
- The cutwidth is more than3.175 mm (0.125
in.) or,
- The cut is not in the limits of one rib.
- The cut is in the limitsof one rib and the
distance between its two endsis more than 12.7
mm (0.5 in.) when measured in the axial
direction.
如果没有特定的割伤限制，同时如果：
(1)如果割伤或者嵌入的外来物使得加强层(斜交轮
胎)或保护层(子午线轮胎)可见：
- 割伤到达外壳层(斜交轮胎)或外层(子午线轮胎)
- 割伤长度超过50.8mm(2 in.) 或
- 割伤宽度超过3.175 mm(0.125 in.) 或
- 割伤不止在一个肋条中
- 割伤在一个肋条中，同时它的两端的距离(轴向
测量)超过12.7mm(0.5 in)
(2)割伤或者嵌入物没有到达加强层(斜交轮胎)或
保护层(子午线轮胎)：
- 割伤长度超过304.8mm (12 in.) 或
- 割伤宽度超过 3.175 mm (0.125 in.)或
- 割伤不止在一个肋条中
-割伤在一个肋条中，同时它的两端的距离(轴向
测量)超过12.7mm(0.5 in) |
Remove the tireimmediately .
立即更换该机轮 |
Chevron cutting V型割伤 |
Because of different technologies and tire constructions,damage tolerance can be
differentfor each manufacturer an even for each tire reference of a givenmanufacturer.
Refer to the applicable vendormanual for details.
If there areno cut limits specified in the documentation and if:
- The tire is at the limits givenfor tread cuts
- You can seethe tread reinforcing ply (biastire) or the protector ply (radial tire). 因为技术与轮胎的结构不同，对于不同厂家的轮 |
Remove the tireimmediately.
立即更换该机轮 |
|
胎损伤容限相互间不一样。
具体的参考厂家手册。
如果在文章中没有特定的割伤限制，同时如果：
- 轮胎在给定的胎面扎伤的限制中
- 可以看到胎面加强层(斜交轮胎)或保护层(子午
线轮胎) |
|
Groove Cracking
沟槽开裂 |
During the check:
- if groovecracking lets you see the reinforcing
ply (bias tire)or the protector ply (radial tire)or,
- groove cracking undercuts the adjacent rib.
在检查中：
- 如果沟槽开裂使得可以看到胎面加强层(斜交轮
胎)或保护层(子午线轮胎)或
- 沟槽开裂钻蚀附近的肋条 |
Remove the tireimmediately.
立即更换该机轮 | Rib undercutting 肋条根切 |
Remove the tire when the crack goesbelow the rib.
若裂纹达到肋条下面则更换该机轮 |
| Open tread splice 跨肋开口 |
Remove the tireimmediately.
立即更换该机轮 |
| Tread chipping and chunking 胎面碎屑和大块 |
If you cansee the fabric
如果可见到织物 |
Remove the tireimmediately.
立即更换该机轮 |
(3) Sidewall damage 侧面损伤
Cuts or cracks on the sidewall 侧面割伤或裂纹 |
If you can see the sidewall cordsor if they are damaged.
如果可见胎侧线或者侧线损伤 |
Remove the tireimmediately.
立即更换该机轮 | Weathering and radial cracking 风化和径向裂纹 |
If you cansee the sidewall cords
如果可见胎侧线 |
Remove the tireimmediately.
立即更换该机轮 |
Blisters and Bulges
气泡和鼓包 |
Remove the tireimmediately .
Put marks on the damagearea before you
deflate the tirefor easy identification and
analysis by the vendor.
立即更换该机轮
在对轮胎放气前在鼓包的区域做上记号 |
|
子午线轮胎-一般视图
子午线轮胎-截面视图
斜交轮胎-一般视图
斜交轮胎-截面视图
胎面磨损
Treadcuts depth and length limits-胎面扎伤深度与长度限制
Flat Spots-平面点磨损
Thrown Tread-胎面剥落与Peeled Rib-肋棱剥落
Tread RubberReversion-胎面橡胶变质
Chevron Cutting-V型割伤
GrooveCracking-沟槽开裂和Rib Undercutting-肋条根切
胎面分离：Blister-气泡或Bulge-鼓包
Open TreadSplice-跨肋开口
Tread Flaking-胎面薄片剥落和Chipping-碎屑
Tread Chunking-胎面大块 |
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轮胎检查.pdf
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