Advanced Avionics Handbook 2009

17party · 发表于 2010-7-28 21:47:21

Advanced Avionics Handbook 2009
U.S. Department of Transportation
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
Flight Standards Service

Table of Contents
Preface....................................................................iii
Acknowledgments...................................................v
Table of Contents..................................................vii
Chapter 1
Introduction to Advanced Avionics....................1-1
Introduction.....................................................................1-1
How To Operate Advanced Avionics Systems...............1-2
Which Advanced Avionics Systems To Use and When.1-2
How Advanced Avionics Systems Affect the Pilot........1-3
Chapter Summary...........................................................1-3
Chapter 2
Electronic Flight Instruments..............................2-1
Introduction.....................................................................2-1
Primary Flight Display (PFD).........................................2-2
Primary Flight Instruments..........................................2-2
Cross-Checking the Primary Flight Instruments.....2-2
Common Errors: Altitude Excursions and
Fixation....................................................................2-2
Enhancements to the Primary Flight Instruments....2-3
Primary Flight Instrument Systems.............................2-3
Navigation Instruments...............................................2-3
Other Flight Status Information..................................2-4
Making Entries on the PFD.........................................2-4
Failures and the Primary Flight Display.....................2-4
Instrument System Failure.......................................2-4
PFD Failure..............................................................2-6
Awareness: Using Standby Instruments..................2-6
Essential Skills............................................................2-6
Chapter Summary...........................................................2-6
Chapter 3
Navigation.............................................................3-1
Area Navigation (RNAV) Basics....................................3-2
RNAV Concept...........................................................3-2
FMS/RNAV Computer...............................................3-2
FMS/RNAV/Autopilot Interface: Display and
Controls.......................................................................3-3
Accessing Information in the FMS..........................3-3
Making Entries in the FMS......................................3-4
Integrated Avionics Systems...................................3-4
Learning: Simulators for Learning and Practice......3-5
Flight Planning................................................................3-5
Preflight Preparation....................................................3-5
FMS/RNAV Approval For IFR Operations................3-6
Navigation Database Currency.......................................3-6
Alternative Means of Navigation................................3-6
NOTAMs Relevant To GPS........................................3-6
GPS Signal Availability..............................................3-6
Alternate Airports........................................................3-7
Aircraft Equipment Suffixes........................................3-7
Suitability of an RNAV Unit for VFR Flight..............3-7
Programming the Flight Route....................................3-7
The Flight Planning Page............................................3-8
En Route Waypoints and Procedural Waypoints.....3-8
Entering En Route Waypoints.................................3-8
Entering Airways.....................................................3-8
Entering Procedures.................................................3-9
Risk: Taking Off Without Entering a Flight Plan....3-9
Reviewing the Flight Route.....................................3-9
Catching Errors: Using the FMs Flight Planning
Function To Cross-Check Calculations.......................3-9
Check the Waypoints.............................................3-10
Check the Distances...............................................3-10
Check the Desired Tracks......................................3-11
Check for Route Discontinuities............................3-11
Maintaining Proficiency: Aeronautical
Knowledge.............................................................3-11
Coupling the FMs to the Navigation Indicator(s).....3-11
Common Error: Displaying the Wrong
Navigation Source.................................................3-12
Awareness: Mode Awareness................................3-13
Essential Skills..........................................................3-13
En Route Navigation.....................................................3-13
。。。。。。。。。。
Traffic Data Systems.....................................................5-14
Traffic Data Systems Using Onboard Sensing
Equipment.................................................................5-14
Traffic Data Systems Receiving Information From
Ground-based Facilities.............................................5-14
Advanced Traffic Data Systems Based On ADS-B..5-15
Using A Traffic Data System....................................5-15
Setting Sensitivity on a Traffic Data System.........5-15
Responding to Traffic Alerts.................................5-15
Error: Overreliance on Traffic Data
System/Failure To Scan.........................................5-15
Using a Traffic Data System on the Ground..........5-15
Fuel Management Systems...........................................5-15
Initial Fuel Estimate..................................................5-16
Estimating Amount Of Fuel on Board......................5-16
Predicting Fuel at a Later Point in the Flight............5-16
Determining Endurance.............................................5-17
Risk: Stretching Fuel Reserves.................................5-17
Other Cockpit Information System Features................5-17
Electronic Checklists.................................................5-17
Electronic Charts.......................................................5-18
FMS/RNAV Pages on the MFD................................5-18
Chapter Summary.........................................................5-19
Essential Skills Checklist................................... E-1
Glossary...............................................................G-1

Introduction
This handbook is designed as a technical reference for
pilots who operate aircraft with advanced avionics systems.
Whether flying a conventional aircraft that features a global
positioning system (GPS) navigation receiver or a new
aircraft with the latest integrated “glass cockpit” advanced
avionics system, you should find this handbook helpful in
getting started. The arrival of new technology to general
aviation aircraft has generated noticeable changes in three
areas: information, automation, and options.
Pilots now have an unprecedented amount of information
available at their fingertips. Electronic flight instruments use
innovative techniques to determine aircraft attitude, speed,
and altitude, presenting a wealth of information in one or
more integrated presentations. A suite of cockpit information
systems provides pilots with data about aircraft position,
planned route, engine health and performance, as well as
surrounding weather, traffic, and terrain.