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来源丨波音官网
http://www.boeing.com/commercial/737max/737-max-software-updates.page
Overview 概述
The Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) flight control law was designed and certified for the 737 MAX to enhance the pitch stability of the airplane – so that it feels and flies like other 737s. 机动特性增强系统（MCAS）飞行控制法则是为737MAX设计和认证的，以提高飞机的俯仰稳定性，使其操纵感觉和飞行像其他737系列一样。
MCAS is designed to activate in manual flight, with the airplane’s flaps up, at an elevated Angle of Attack (AOA). MCAS被设计为在襟翼收上大迎角手动飞行中激活。
Boeing has developed an MCAS software update to provide additional layers of protection if the AOA sensors provide erroneous data. The software was put through hundreds of hours of analysis, laboratory testing, verification in a simulator and two test flights, including an in-flight certification test with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) representatives on board as observers. 波音公司开发了一个MCAS软件更新，以在AOA传感器提供错误数据时额外提供一层保护。该软件经过数百小时的分析、实验室测试、模拟机验证和两次飞行测试，包括一次由联邦航空管理局（FAA）的代表作为观察员进行的飞行中的认证测试。
The additional layers of protection include: Flight control system will now compare inputs from both AOA sensors. If the sensors disagree by 5.5 degrees or more with the flaps retracted, MCAS will not activate. An indicator on the flight deck display will alert the pilots. If MCAS is activated in non-normal conditions, it will only provide one input for each elevated AOA event. There are no known or envisioned failure conditions where MCAS will provide multiple inputs. MCAS can never command more stabilizer input than can be counteracted by the flight crew pulling back on the column. The pilots will continue to always have the ability to override MCAS and manually control the airplane.
这些增加的保护包括： 飞行控制系统现在将比较两个AOA传感器的输入。如果传感器在襟翼收上的情况下相差5.5度或5.5度以上，MCAS将不会激活。驾驶舱显示器上的指示器将提醒飞行员。 如果MCAS在非正常条件下激活，每个偏高的AOA事件MCAS将只提供输入一次。在没有已知或预期的故障条件的情况下，MCAS将提供多次输入。 MCAS控制的安定面的低头量，永远不能超过机组人员向后拉操纵杆（控制升降舵）使飞机抬头所能抵消的量。飞行员将继续有能力操控MCAS并人工控制飞机。
These updates reduce the crew’s workload in non-normal flight situations and prevent erroneous data from causing MCAS activation. 这些更新减少了机组在非正常飞行情况下的工作量，并防止错误数据导致MCAS激活。
We continue to work with the FAA and other regulatory agencies on the certification of the software update. 我们继续与FAA和其他监管机构合作，对软件更新进行认证。
Training 培训
To earn a Boeing 737 type rating, pilots must complete 21 or more days of instructor-led academics and simulator training. Differences training between the NG and MAX includes computer-based training (CBT) and manual review. 要获得波音737机型的评级，飞行员必须完成为期21天或更长时间的课堂培训和模拟机培训。NG和MAX之间的差异培训包括基于计算机的培训（CBT）和操作审查。
Boeing has created updated CBT to accompany the software update. Once approved, it will be accessible to all 737 MAX pilots. This course is designed to provide 737 type-rated pilots with an enhanced understanding of the 737 MAX Speed Trim System, including the MCAS function, associated existing crew procedures and related software changes. 波音公司已经设计了更新的CBT，以配合软件更新。一旦获得批准，所有737MAX飞行员都可以使用。本课程旨在为737飞行员提供对737MAX速度配平系统的增强理解，包括MCAS的功能、现有相关机组程序和相关软件变化。
Pilots will also be required to review: Flight Crew Operations Manual Bulletin Updated Speed Trim Fail Non-Normal Checklist Revised Quick Reference Handbook
飞行员还要求要复习： 机组操作手册通告 更新的速度配平非正常检查单 改版的QRH
737 MAX Flight Deck Displays 737MAX 驾驶舱显示
All primary flight information required to safely and efficiently operate the 737 MAX is included on the baseline primary flight display. Crew procedures and training for safe and efficient operation of the airplane are focused around airplane roll and pitch attitude, altitude, heading and vertical speed, all of which are integrated on the primary flight display. All 737 MAX airplanes display this data in a way that is consistent with pilot training and the fundamental instrument scan pattern that pilots are trained to use. 基础的主飞行显示器上包含了安全有效地操作737max所需的所有主飞行信息。机组人员安全高效运行的程序和培训主要围绕飞机横滚和俯仰姿态、高度、航向和垂直速度进行，所有这些都集成在主飞行显示器上。所有737MAX飞机显示这些数据的方式，与飞行员培训和飞行员培训使用的模拟器显示模式一致。
The AOA (angle of attack) indicator provides supplementary information to the flight crew. The AOA disagree alert provides additional context for understanding the possible cause of air speed and altitude differences between the pilot’s and first officer’s displays. Information for these features is provided by the AOA sensors. AOA（迎角）指示器向机组提供补充信息。AOA不一致警告，为判断机长和副驾驶显示器之间的空速和高度差的可能原因提供了额外的信息。这些功能的信息由AOA传感器提供。
There are no pilot actions or procedures during flight which require knowledge of angle of attack. 在飞行中没有飞行员的操作或程序需要知道迎角。
Key Definitions 关键词解释
Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) – flight control law implemented on the 737 MAX to improve aircraft handling characteristics and decrease pitch-up tendency at elevated angles of attack. 机动特性增强系统（MCAS）- 在737MAX上实施的飞行控制法则，以改善飞机的操纵特性，减小在高迎角时的抬头倾向。
Angle of Attack (AOA) – the difference between the pitch angle (nose direction) of the airplane and the angle of the oncoming wind. 迎角(AOA) -飞机的俯仰角(机头方向)与迎风角之间的差值。
Angle of Attack Sensor / Vane – hardware on the outside of the airline that measures and provides angle of attack information to onboard computers; also referred to as an AOA vane. 迎角传感器/叶片 - 飞机外部的部件，用于测量和向机载计算机提供迎角信息；也被称为AOA叶片。
Angle of Attack Disagree – a software-based information feature that alerts flight crews when data from left and right angle of attack sensors disagree. This can provide pilots insight into air data disagreements and prompts a maintenance logbook entry. 迎角不一致 - 一个基于软件的信息功能，当来自左右迎角传感器的数据不一致时，它会提醒机组人员。这可以让飞行员观察到空气数据的不一致，并促使机组填写故障记录。
Angle of Attack Indicator – a software-based information feature that provides angle of attack data to the flight crew through the primary flight displays. It is an option that can be selected by customers. 迎角指示器 - 一种基于软件的信息功能，通过主飞行显示器向机组人员提供迎角数据。这是一个客户选装项。
Control law – a set of software that performs flight control function or task 控制法则 - 一套执行飞行控制功能或任务的软件
FCOM (Flight Crew Operations Manual Bulletin) – supplementary operations information FCOM(机组操作手册通告)-补充操作信息
FOTB (Flight Operations Technical Bulletin) – supplementary technical information FOTB(飞行操作技术通告) - 补充技术资料
Speed trim system – a system that uses multiple components to provide additional speed or pitch stability when needed 速度配平系统 - 一个系统，使用多个组件按需提供额外的速度或俯仰稳定
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发表于 2019-3-28 13:24:28
