史上最全损伤和缺陷的类型及其定义-老司机小白都适用

航空學子 · 发表于 2020-4-22 16:55:47

损伤和缺陷的类型Types of Damage and Defects

相信大家在工作中经常会碰到飞机结构或部件上的损伤，去查阅相关的手册，结果一脸懵逼，这个损伤到底属于哪一种啊？感觉像Cracks,但好像又是Nicks，还是Scratch?看半天也不确定到底该按哪个条目来检查，如果是过站航班发现的话，如果不快速做出判断，有可能航班延误，如果判断错了，把本可以放行的损伤，你把飞机扣下，“车铣刨磨”一顿操作，航班长时延误，结果后面发现该损伤是可以放行的，你说这时候领导不屌你，屌谁？那另一种情况呢？就是把超标的损伤没有进行处理就放行飞机，那就不是领导屌你几句的问题啦，你就GAME OVER了。为了便于大家在工作中碰到损伤后能够快速准确的做出判断，结合自身工作经验和FAA、BOEING等官方文件整理出一份关于飞机上各种损伤的类型和定义的资料，希望对大家有所帮助。

Types of damage and defects that may be observed on aircraft

parts are defined as follows:

飞机上部件的损伤类型和定义

Brinelling：occurrence of shallow, spherical depressions in a surface, usually produced by a part having a small radius in contact with the surface under high load.

形变：通常发生在轴承上，受到径向的载荷过大导致的表面浅的损伤

Burnishing：polishing of one surface by sliding contact with a smooth, harder surface.Usually there is no displacement or removal of metal.

抛光：通过与光滑、坚硬表面的滑动接触来抛光一个表面。通常没有金属材料的替代和缺失。

Burr：a small, thin section of metal extending beyond a regular surface, usually located at a corner or on the edge of a hole.

毛刺：一种小而薄的金属片，超出正常的表面，通常位于孔的一角或边缘。

Corrosion：loss of metal from the surface by chemical or electrochemical action.The corrosion products generally are easily removed by mechanical means.Iron rust is an example of corrosion.

腐蚀：金属在化学或电化学作用下从表面上缺失。腐蚀产物一般很容易用机械方法除去。铁锈是腐蚀的一个例子。

Crack：a physical separation of two adjacent portions of metal, evidenced by a fine or thin line across the surface caused by excessive stress at that point.It may extend inward from the surface from a few thousandths of an inch to completely through the section thickness.

裂纹：金属相邻两部分的物理分离，由过度应力在金属表面形成的细线或细线可以证明。它可以从表面向内延伸，从千分之一英寸到完全穿过截面厚度。

Cut：loss of metal, usually to an appreciable depth over a relatively long and narrow area, by means, as would occur with the use of a saw blade, chisel, or sharp-edged stone striking a glancing blow.

缺口：金属的缺失，通常在相对较长和较窄的区域内达到一定的深度指的是用锯条、凿子或锋利的石头进行侧击，就像用锯条、凿子或锋利的石头进行侧击一样。

Dent：indentation in a metal surface produced by an object striking with force.The surface surrounding the indentation is usually slightly upset.

凹坑：在金属表面上的凹痕，是由一个物体用力撞击产生的。压痕周围的表面通常有轻微的弯曲。

Erosion：loss of metal from the surface by mechanical action of foreign objects, such as grit or fine sand.The eroded area is rough and may be lined in the direction in which the foreign material moved relative to the surface.

腐蚀：金属表面受外来物体(如砂砾或其它)的机械作用而产生的损耗细沙。侵蚀区域是粗糙的，可能沿着外来物质相对于表面移动的方向排列。

Chattering：breakdown or deterioration of metal surface by vibratory or chattering action.Although chattering may give the general appearance of metal loss or surface cracking, usually, neither has occurred

颤动：通过振动或颤动作用使金属表面损坏或变质。虽然抖振可能会导致金属损失或表面开裂，但通常都不会发生。

Galling：breakdown (or build-up) of metal surfaces due to excessive friction between two parts having relative motion.Particles of the softer metal are torn loose and welded to the harder metal.

磨损：由于两个部件之间的过度摩擦而导致金属表面的磨损(或堆积)相对运动。较软金属的颗粒被扯松并焊接到较硬的金属上。

Gouge：groove in, or breakdown of, a metal surface from contact with foreign material under heavy pressure.Usually it indicates metal loss but may be largely the displacement of material.

凿槽:金属表面在重物作用下由于与外界物质接触而产生的沟槽或损坏压力。通常它表示金属的损耗，但也可能是材料的位移。

Inclusion：presence of foreign or extraneous material wholly within a portion of metal.Such material is introduced during the manufacture of rod, bar or tubing by rolling or forging on an edge.

杂质：全部存在于金属部分内的外来或外来物质。这种材料是在棒材、棒材或油管的制造过程中通过轧制或锻造引入的。

Nick：local break or notch .Usually it involves the displacement of metal rather than loss.

刻痕：边缘上的切口或缺口。通常它涉及到金属的替代而不是缺失

Pitting：sharp, localized breakdown (small, deep cavity) of metal surface, usually with defined edges.

点蚀：金属表面尖锐的局部击穿(小而深的空腔)，通常有明显的边缘。

Scratch：slight tear or break in metal surface from light, momentary contact by foreign material.

划痕：金属表面因受到外来物质的短暂接触而有轻微的划痕或断裂。

Score：deeper (than scratch) tear or break in metal surface from contact under pressure.May show discoloration from temperature produced by friction.

刻痕：金属表面在压力作用下接触而产生的更深的(比划痕更深的)撕裂或断裂。可能显示因摩擦产生的温度而变色。