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自动飞行控制，教材。补充理论知识，相信知识改变命运，加油，让青春无悔。
Contents
Preface VII
Part 1 Literature Review and Theoretical Developments 1
Chapter 1 Fundamentals of GNSS-Aided Inertial Navigation 3
Ahmed Mohamed and Apostolos Mamatas
Chapter 2 Quantitative Feedback
Theory and Its Application in UAV’s Flight Control 37
Xiaojun Xing and Dongli Yuan
Chapter 3 Gain Tuning of Flight Control
Laws for Satisfying Trajectory Tracking Requirements 71
Urbano Tancredi and Federico Corraro
Part 2 Adaptive and Fault Tolerant Flight Control 93
Chapter 4 Adaptive Feedforward Control for Gust Loads Alleviation 95
Jie Zeng, Raymond De Callafon and Martin J. Brenner
Chapter 5 Fault Tolerant Flight Control Techniques
with Application to a Quadrotor UAV Testbed 119
Youmin Zhang and Abbas Chamseddine
Chapter 6 Effects of Automatic Flight Control
System on Chinook Underslung Load Failures 151
Marilena D. Pavel
Chapter 7 Tool-Based Design and
Evaluation of Resilient Flight Control Systems 185
Hafid Smaili, Jan Breeman and Thomas Lombaerts
Preface
The history of flight control is inseparably linked to the history of aviation itself.Shortly after the German aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal (1848-1896) left the ground for the first time in his self-made glider from Windmühlenberg (windmill hill) of Derwitz (Germany) in the summer of 1891, the problem of flight in a heavier-than-airvehicle created a new challenge, that of controlled flight. During his numerous experimental flights, Otto Lilienthal realized that leaving the ground was easier than staying in the air. For controlling his flights, he invented the first means of lateral stabilization using a vertical rudder. Following the first successful motorized flight of the Wright Brothers in 1903, the first artificially controlled flight was demonstrated in 1914 by Lawrence Sperry (1892-1923), the third son of the gyrocompass co-inventor Elmer Ambrose Sperry, by flying his Curtiss-C-2 airplane hands-free in front of a speechless crowd. This very first autopilot consisted of three gyroscopes and a magnetic compass both linked to the pneumatically operated flight control surfaces.The autopilot enabled stable flight by holding the pitch, roll and yaw attitudes constant, while maintaining the compass course. Since these early days, Sperry and many other engineers improved the concept of automatic stabilized flight further up to highly advanced automatic fly-by wire flight control systems which can be found nowadays in military jets and civil airliners. Even today, many research efforts are made for the further development of these flight control systems in various aspects.Recent new developments in this field focus on a wealth of different aspects, such asnonlinear flight control, autonomous control of unmanned aircraft, formation flying,aeroservoelastic control, intelligent control, adaptive flight control, fault tolerant flight control, and many others. This book focuses on a selection of these key research areas.
This book consists of two major sections. The first section contains three chapters and
focuses on a literature review and some recent theoretical developments in flight
control systems. The second section discusses some concepts of adaptive and faulttolerant
flight control systems. This topic has been receiving a lot of research attention
from the scientific community lately. Each technique discussed in this book is
illustrated by a relevant example.
The first chapter is a literature survey providing a global overview perspective to the
field of GPS-aided inertial navigation. The chapter discusses the topics of modeling,
sensor properties and estimation techniques.
The second chapter discusses the concept of quantitative feedback theory. This
frequency-based control technique makes use of the Nichols chart in order to achieve a
desired robust design over a specified region of plant uncertainties. Desired timedomain
responses are translated into frequency-domain tolerances, which lead to
bounds (or constraints) on the loop transmission function. The design process is
transparent, allowing a designer to see what trade-offs are necessary to achieve a
desired performance level. As an example, QFT is applied for the lateral control of a
UAV.
The third chapter discusses the topic of gain tuning for flight control laws for an
unmanned space re-entry vehicle technology demonstrator in order to satisfy
trajectory tracking requirements. The method for gain tuning is based upon the
Practical Stability criterion. This is a technique developed previously by the authors
for analyzing the robustness of a given flight control law.
In the fourth chapter, the first of the second section, an adaptive feedforward control
method is suggested for gust load alleviation. With the novel development of airborne
Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) turbulence sensor available for the accurate
measurement of the vertical gust velocity at considerable distances ahead of the
aircraft, it becomes feasible to design an adaptive feedforward control algorithm to
alleviate the structural loads induced by any turbulence and to extend the life of the
structure. This proposed approach identifies in real time the flexible modes for
parameter adjustment in the feedforward controller. This method is demonstrated on
the F/A-18 active aeroelastic wing simulation model.
The fifth chapter provides an extensive overview of different fault-tolerant flight
control techniques, including Gain-Scheduled PID control, Model Reference Adaptive
Control, Sliding Mode Control, Backstepping Control, Model Predictive Control, and
Flatness-based Trajectory Planning/Re-planning. At the end of the chapter, simulations
and flight tests of a quadrotor UAV testbed are discussed.
The sixth chapter investigates the contributions that an automatic flight control system
(AFCS) may provide to the recovery prospects of the Chinook tandem helicopter after
a load failure scenario. An analysis is made as to how the advanced AFCS,
implemented to improve the handling qualities characteristics of the helicopter,
improves the CH-47 behavior during emergency situations such as failure scenarios of
its suspended load. An example of such a failure scenario is when one of the load
suspension cables snaps.
The seventh and last chapter describes a new high fidelity large transport aircraft
simulation benchmark which has been developed as a tool-based design and
evaluation platform for resilient flight control system design. The simulation model
contains nonlinear kinematics and aircraft dynamics, and includes actuator and sensor
properties. Moreover, the model includes an extensive list of failure modes, varying
from stuck or faulty control surfaces to significant aerodynamic damage. An important
failure mode is the engine separation scenario, which has been validated by means of the black box data recovered from such an accident. This tool is freely available for the
research community and can be used to develop new fault-tolerant flight control
algorithms.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all the authors for all the time and
effort they spent contributing chapters of high quality to this book. I would like to
thank the publisher, InTech, for taking the initiative to publish this book and for
making this book Open Access, which guarantees a wide dissemination of the
published results. I also wish to acknowledge the Publishing Process Manager Ms
Martina Pecar-Durovic, for her indispensable technical and administrative assistance
while preparing and publishing this book.
Dr Ir Thomas Lombaerts
German Aerospace Center DLR
Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics
Department of System Dynamics and Control
Oberpfaffenhofen – Wessling
Germany |
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发表于 2013-6-5 20:45:42
