飞机结构类常用英汉词汇
飞机结构    aircraft structure    
单翼机                monoplane                                   多翼机           multiplane
舰载飞机    shipplane                                        雪上飞机    ski-plane
水上飞机    aerohydroplane；seaplane；hydroplane；hydro-airplane
低翼                        low wing             高翼                        high wing
三角形机翼        delta wing
前掠的      forwardswept                                后掠的      backswept
后掠角      sweepback；backward sweep；positive sweep
大迎角                high incidence  
机头        nose                 机头下沉    nose heavy
机头罩      nose fairing                                机身        fuselage
前机身      fwd fuselage                                中前机身    mid-fwd fuselage中后机身    mid-aft fuselage                        后机身      aft fuselage
全机身      whole fuselage         机翼        wing
翼展        span；wingspread                翼展方向                spanwise
半翼展      semispan                襟翼        flap
前缘襟翼    leading-edge flap                副翼        aileron
后缘        T.E. (trailing-edge)      后缘襟翼    trailing-edge flap
前缘        L.E.(leading-edge)                缝翼        slat
前缘缝翼    leading-edge slat                襟副翼      flaperon
翼尖        wingtip                                        翼梢小翼                winglet                                                        
翼刀                        wing fence                                        翼面                        plane        
翼片                        panel                                                安定面      stabilizer
水平安定面  horizontal stabilizer；tailplane
平尾        horizontal tail（wing）        垂直安定面  vertical stabilizer
升降舵      elevator                                        
垂尾        vertical tail (wing)
尾翼        empennage, tail        方向舵     yaw rudder；rudder
全动式水平尾翼 all-moving horizontal tail
机尾罩      empennage cover  

起落架       landing gear
主起落架     main landing gear(MLG)
前起落架     nose landing gear (NLG)
起落架舱门   landing gear door
起落架轮舱   landing gear wheel well
动力装置     power plant           涡轮                        turbine
涡轮螺浆喷气发动机    propjet
涡轮冲压式喷气发动机  turboramjet
涡轮喷气发动机        turbojet
涡轮发电机            turbo-generator
涡扇发动机            turbofan engine
座椅固定卡臂                           seat fixing clamp arm
座椅操纵开关         seat control switch
座椅导向滑轮        seat guide-pulley      
座椅滑轨                        seat track
短舱         nacelle                 货舱     cargo  compartment
座舱盖                     cockpit cover                风挡                windshield；windscreen
气密舱                     pressurized cabin        应急舱门 emergency door
整流罩                     fairing                                翼箱     wing box
壁板                       panel                                导流片   Jetevator
扰流片                     spoiler
增升装置                   lift augmentation device
操纵面                     control surface
作动筒                     ram；actuating cylinder
作动筒支臂                 jack lever
防冰系统                          de-icing system/Anti－icing system
补偿片      tab                  调整片       trimmer
辐条                        spoke                                                浮筒        float；pontoon
整体油箱    integral fuel tank       地板                        floor panel
斜梁        diagonal spar          龙骨梁      keel beam
地板梁      floor beam                                        吊挂        pylon
吊挂前梁     pylon front spar                        吊挂后梁    pylon rear spar
吊挂前缘整流罩    pylon leading-edge fairing
吊挂后缘整流罩    pylon trailing-edge fairing
封闭肋       closing rib                                辅助梁      auxiliary spar
暗箱         dark slide；dark chamber
半硬壳式结构      semi-monocoque structure
静定结构          statically determinant structure
静不定结构(非静定结构)      non-statically determinant structure

梁          spar, beam, longeron                 腹板        web
支架        bracket                柱          column
隔框        bulkhead, frame         框          frame
铰链        hinge                                                 缘条（凸缘）flange, cap
盖板        cover  plate                                 蒙皮        skin
化铣蒙皮    chemical-milled skin     耳片        lug
长桁        stringer                桁          boom；girder
桁板        flitch                  桁架        truss；boom
维护口盖    access panel；access door
加强板      doubler                
加强肋      intercostal；stiffener                  接头       fitting
板（厚）    plate                   薄板              sheet
条带        strap                   法兰边                 flange                  
加劲件      stiffener                环          ring
箍          buckle；collar；ferrule
箍带；箍圈  clamp；clamping ring
卡箍        keeper；dog；collar；clamp；clip
卡盘        cartridge；chuck       卡抓                        clamping pawl
挡块                        dog；stop block                        挡油板             scraper plate
挡油套                oil sealing sleeve                   挡油圈                oil baffle、
安全阀      relief valve；safety valve

减轻孔      lightening hole         工具孔      tooling hole
销钉孔      pin hole               盲孔                        blind hole
安装面                fitting surface                      安装角                setting angle

奥氏体                austenite                                        毛坯        blank                铸件        casting                                                锻件        forging               锻工                   blacksmith；smith                棒材        bar
管材        tubing                     钣弯件      former
钣金件      sheet metal                 箔材        foil
线材        wire                                                型材    section, shape, profile
角材        angle                                                 帽型材             hat (section)
T型材      T-section                   工字梁      I beam
盘型件      pan                               机加件      machined part
槽型件      channel                                        挤压型材    extruded section
剪切角材    shear angle                                剪切角片    shear clip
拉伸角材    tension angle

机加操作     machining operation  
精加工       finish；finishing；smoothing；burnish；refinement
粗加工       roughing；rough finishing
精密加工的   precision-machined
车工工艺                 turnery                                        
车刀               turning tool；lathe tool；gad
精车刀       finishing tool          
粗车刀                 roughing tool；roughing turning tool
粗车         rapid rough turning；rough turning
车床                         lathe；turning lathe；turning machine；turning mill
车工                         lathe hand；turner
车端面                 face turning                         车螺纹        thread cutting；threading
车平面                 facing；face        车丝刀        thread tool
车外圆                 surface        turning                 车削                turning
车削面                 turning surface      车锥度        taper turning
钳                                 clip；tongs；holdfast；clamp；clipper
钳工                         bench hand；bench work
钳工车间                 locksmith’s department
铣                                 mill                铣工        miller hand；miller
铣床                         milling machine；mill；miller
龙门铣床     gantry milling machine；planer type milling machine
立式铣床     vertical milling machine
立式钻床     upright drilling machine
铣键槽                 keyseat               铣平面        face miling
铣切深度                 milling depth                                
刨           shave；plane                                 刨床           planer
牛头刨                 shaper                立式牛头刨 vertical shaper
龙头刨       double housing planer
龙门剪床     square shears
刨式铣床                 planer type miller                 刨刀                          planer tool
刨削         plane；planing；gouging
磨；磨削     grinding                                         磨工车间        grindery
磨床               grinder；grinding machine
磨工               grinder               磨工夹具         grinding attachment
磨光         abrade；tumbling；grind；grinding；polish；shine
镗（孔）     bore；boring          镗床 borer；boring machine
精镗         precision boring
镗刀                         boring cutter                                铰孔  ream;reaming
铰刀         reamer                                        滚刀         hob；hobbing
滚齿机       hobbing machine                        滚花         knurling
滚丝机       thread rolling machine        滚轮         roller；rolling wheel
滚筒         drum；pulley；reel；roll；roller
滚铣              hob                                        滚铣法（齿轮的）generating
滚压                        rolling pressing                滚圆 rolling circle
滚轧        roll               退刀纹 ran-out
锻                                forge；hammering  精锻件        precision forging       自由锻件    hand forging                        模锻件        molded forging
坯锻        billet

铆接        riveting              
焊接        welding                                        胶接            adhesive bonding
螺接        bolting               拼接     splice, splicing
对接        butt splice                                        搭接     overlap splice
锪平        spotfacing                                        埋头窝        countersink
钻孔        drilling                                                铰孔     reaming
填角        fillet                       倒角     chamfer
镗孔        boring                                                扩孔     counter boring
补钻孔      counter drilling                螺栓头   bolt head
铆钉头      rivet head             镦头     upset head
螺纹        thread                外螺纹   external thread
公制        metric system          公制螺纹 metric thread
公制锥度；公制退拔 metric taper
最小壁厚                minimum wall thickness        加强槽     beads
内圆角半径        fillet radii                                弯曲半径      bending radii
弯曲线                bending line        弯曲角        bending angle
下陷        joggle             滚制波纹      beading
成形               forming                                锉/锉刀                  file
大螺帽扳手        dwang                   方头扳手                  square spanner
活动扳手    adjustable spanner         活口扳手            shifting spanner
开口扳手    open end spanner           开锁扳手            unlocking spanner
套筒扳手         box spanner；socket spanner
刮刀        adz；knife；scraper；scraping cutter；slicker
刮孔口刀    spot faceplate          厚薄规                feeler
弧形尺      circular scale                                虎钳   jaw；pliers；vice（vise）
尖头钳      pointed pliers          卡钳   calipers
开口钳      open mouth tongs       卡规   templet
卡尺                  calipers；sliding caliper；caliper rule
划窝钻      counter sink drill       环孔钻         annular auger
定心钻                spotter                                                麻花钻头twist drill  

拉伸         tension            拉伸应力     tensile stress
压缩                         compression        压缩应力     compression stress
剪切         shear              剪切应力     shear stress
弯曲         bending                                 弯矩         bending moment
扭转         torsion                                 扭矩         torque
纵向的       longitudinal                         横向的       transverse, lateral

铆钉        rivet           抽芯铆钉                cherry rivet
无头铆钉    slug                                实心铆钉                solid rivet
销          pin            开口销                        cotter pin
关节销      clevis pin       关节销钉    knee pin
安装销                 sheer pin；installation pin，locating pin
方销                        square cotter     搭接线                jumper
搭铁线                Ground connection环槽钉           lock bolt
螺栓        bolt            锥形螺栓    taper-lok, tapered bolt
高锁螺栓    Hi-Lock                        钉套        collar
拉紧螺栓                fastening bolt                带孔螺栓                eye bolt
垫圈        washer                                衬套        bushing
环形垫圈                cupwasher                        垫片        filler, spacer
薄垫片      shim                           盖筒        cup
螺钉                        screw                                定位螺钉                fixing screw
封口螺钉                cap screw                        定位销钉                tommy；dowel  
螺桩        stud                                道钉                        spike
螺帽；螺母        nut                                        盖螺帽                cap nut
托板螺母                nut plate                        带条螺母                nut channel
桶形螺母                barrel nut                        环形螺帽                ring nut        
后挡螺盖                end plate        后挡螺盖锁扣   end plate latch
后挡螺盖止动器                end plate stop
后挡螺盖止动缺口  brake notch of end plate
后顶针座                        tailstock                        后盖                rear end cover
齿轮                                gear                                后齿轮        rear gear；backgear
轴承                                bearing         滚动轴承        rolling bearing
滚珠轴承                        ball bearing                滚针                needle    
滚针轴承       needle bearing                滑动轴承        sliding bearing
径向止推滚珠轴承 radial thrust-ball bearing
空气轴承                        compressed-air bearing      
滚珠槽                        ball slot        滚柱                roller
滚柱轴承                        roller bearing          
键                                        dowel；jaw
花键                                spline                                滑键       feather
簧杆                                spring bar                        簧片      anchor               螺纹抽钉                        rivnut, blind nut
带套环的螺纹抽钉  flushlok bolt
盲紧固件                        blind fastener    

金属                                metal                                金属的       metallic
非金属                        nonmetal                        非金属的                 nonmetallic
合金                                alloy                  
高温合金                        superalloy                        镁合金   magnesium alloy
铝合金                        aluminum alloy                钛合金        titanium alloy
合金钢                        alloy steel                                碳钢                carbon steel            结构钢                        structural steel                        不锈钢        stainless steel
沉淀硬化不锈钢                precipitation-hardening stainless steel
超高强度钢                        super-high-strength steel
耐腐蚀钢                                corrosion resistant steel    
复合材料                                composite (material)
先进复合材料                advanced composite
蜂窝                                        honeycomb                        
蜂窝夹芯                                honeycomb andwich
蜂窝夹芯结构                honeycomb sandwich structure
包铝层                        Al clad                                  包铝薄板             Al clad sheet

热处理                 heat treatment      
退火         anneal                                        退火处理      annealing
淬火            quench/harden；temper                淬火处理      quenching
分级淬火        step quench；stepped quenching
淬冷                         quenched            正火                                normalizing          回火         temper
回火处理     tempering           奥氏回火     Austempering
时效               aging               人工时效     artificial aging
自然时效     natural aging
渗氮     azotize；nitriding      脱氮         denitrogenation
渗碳     carburete；carburetion；cementation；carburizing；carburization
过烧     over-burning
氢脆     hydrogen attack；hydrogen embrittlementt

表面光饰              surface finish
抛光            polish
表面光洁度                 finish
表面粗糙度           surface roughness

表面处理        surface treatment                        
涂层            coating
喷丸            shot peen；shot blas
镀铬                        chromium plate
化学铣切              chemical milling
阳极氧化        anodize
铬酸阳极氧化    chromic acid anodize
硬质阳极氧化    hard anodize
硫酸阳极氧化    sulfuric acid anodize
阳极氧化处理    anodize treatment, anodizing
化学工艺和表面处理  chemical processes & finishes

检测                         inspection
无损探伤             non-destructive inspection
X射线检验    inspection by x-ray；radioscopy
超声波探伤    ultrasonic inspection
磁力探伤      magnetic inspection
着色检查      penetrant inspection

公差          tolerance           偏差         deviation
线性公差      linear tolerance      角度公差     angular tolerance
配合公差      tolerance to fit                        配合         fit
干涉配合      interference fit                        间隙配合     clearance fit
松配合        loose fit                              紧配合       tight fit
径向跳动量（整流子） radial beats    

基准线         datum line, reference line
机身基准平面   fuselage reference plane
机身对称中心线 fuselage symmetrical center line
站线                station line           站位          station
竖线                 buttock line          水线          water line
斜角                      bevel

硬度                       hardness              韧性          toughness
断裂韧性                   fracture toughness      磨损          abrasion
疲劳                fatigue
挤压强度       bearing strength
抗剪强度                   shearing strength；resistance to shearing
抗拉强度                   resistance to tension；tensile strength
抗压强度                   compressive strength；resistance to compression
抗弯强度                   resistance to bending
抗疲劳强度                 fatigue resistance
声疲劳         acoustic fatigue

标准工艺装备   master tools    工装协调     tool coordination
模线           lofting                          样板         template
型架           jig                           协调                        coord